Extract residuals for a given submodel from a ubmsFit object.
Residuals are calculated separately for each submodel
using the posterior predictive distribution of the latent state z,
following Wright et al. (2019).
# S4 method for ubmsFit
residuals(object, submodel, draws = NULL, ...)A fitted model of class ubmsFit
Submodel to get residuals for, for example "det"
An integer indicating the number of draws to return. The default and maximum number of draws is the size of the posterior sample.
Currently ignored
A matrix of residual values with dimension draws by
observations. Note that calculation of residuals
for the detection submodel is conditional on \(z > 0\), so residuals
for an observation in a posterior draw where \(z = 0\) are assigned
value NA (Wright et al. 2019).
Wright, W. J., Irvine, K. M., & Higgs, M. D. (2019). Identifying occupancy model inadequacies: can residuals separately assess detection and presence? Ecology, 100(6), e02703.